順酐行業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，很多大型順酐裝置相序建成投產(chǎn)，其中很多企業(yè)為順酐行業(yè)的新進(jìn)入者，對于順酐中的缺乏足夠的經(jīng)驗和應(yīng)對措施，近期發(fā)生的多起事故，已經(jīng)為我們敲起了警鐘，順酐中的問題一定要引起高度重視。
Maleic anhydride industry has been developing rapidly, and many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been put into operation. Many production enterprises are new entrants of maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and response measures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded the alarm bell for us, and the safety problems in maleic anhydride production must be attached great importance.
順酐過程中的問題
Safety problems in maleic anhydride production
由于順酐中使用的原料為純苯和二甲苯,按照危險品的火災(zāi)危險性分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GBJ 16-87)，這些原料都是屬于、甲類、易燃、易爆的危險品物質(zhì)。同時按照安 全及勞動衛(wèi)生保護(hù)規(guī)定和美國職業(yè)及保健條例(OSHA)規(guī)定，苯和二甲苯亦屬于有毒、有害物質(zhì)。由于馬來酐本身的特殊物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)，以及過程中還存在著強(qiáng)腐蝕、高溫、高壓等環(huán)境，所以問題對順酐單位尤為重要。
The raw materials used in the production of maleic anhydride are pure benzene and xylene. According to the national fire risk classification standard (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive hazardous substances. At the same time, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances according to the regulations on safety and labor health protection and the occupational safety and health regulations (OSHA). Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride and the strong corrosion, high temperature and high pressure environment in the production process, safety issues are particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.
在使用純苯和二甲苯危險品物質(zhì)做原料方面，由于有嚴(yán)格、明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范和規(guī)定，因此順酐行業(yè)各單位還都是非常重視和嚴(yán)格地按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)定和規(guī)范執(zhí)行的，所以在順酐苯氧化過程中發(fā)生爆炸和火災(zāi)事故的概率和案例很少。
In terms of using pure benzene and xylene as raw materials for production, due to the strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations of the state, all production units in maleic anhydride industry attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications. Therefore, the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation production are very few.
近十余年中，隨著萬噸級順酐技術(shù)的國產(chǎn)化，順酐的單位越來越多，順酐裝置的規(guī)模越來越大，因此順酐過程的危險性也越來越大。從1990年以來到現(xiàn)在的十余年中，因為順酐脫水精制過程和設(shè)備維修改造過程中的各種事故已經(jīng)發(fā)生多起，今已經(jīng)造成死亡七人、致傷致殘數(shù)人和幾套裝置報廢的惡性事故結(jié)果?？梢哉f我國開創(chuàng)了世界馬來酐史上造成人員傷亡惡性事故數(shù)量的“先河”，所以必須高度重視順酐過程中的問題。
In recent ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, there are more and more maleic anhydride production units, and the scale of maleic anhydride production equipment is becoming larger and larger, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also increasing. Since 1990, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several sets of production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the world history of maleic anhydride production, which caused casualties. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the safety problems in the production process of maleic anhydride.
